The Design of Everyday Things

authors: Don Norman

1. The Psychopathology of Everyday Things
   1. The Complexity of Modern Devices
   2. Human-Centered Design
   3. Fundamental Principles of Interaction
   4. The System Image
   5. The Paradox of Technology
   6. The Design Challenge
2. The Psychology of Everyday Actions
   1. How People Do Things: The Gulfs of Execution and Evaluation
   2. The Seven Stages of Action
   3. Human Thought: Mostly Subconscious
   4. Human Cognition and Emotion
   5. The Seven Stages of Action and the Three Levels of Processing
   6. People as Storytellers
   7. Blaming the Wrong Things
   8. Falsely Blaming Yourself
   9. The Seven Stages of Action: Seven Fundamental Design Principles
3. Knowledge in the Head and in the World
   1. Precise Behavior from Imprecise Knowledge
   2. Memory Is Knowledge in the Head
   3. The Structure of Memory
   4. Approximate Models: Memory in the Real World
   5. Knowledge in the Head
   6. The Tradeoff Between Knowledge in the World and in the Head
   7. Memory in Multiple Heads, Multiple Devices
   8. Natural Mapping
   9. Culture and Design: Natural Mappings Can Vary with Culture
4. Knowing What to Do: Constraints Discoverability, and Feedback
   1. Four Kinds of Constraints: Physical, Cultural, Semantic, and Logical
   2. Applying Affordances, Signifiers, and Constraints to Everyday Objects
   3. Constraints That Force the Desired Behavior
   4. Conventions, Constraints, and Affordances
   5. The Faucet: A Case History of Design
   6. Using Sound as Signifiers

1. Human Error? No, Bad Design
   1. Understanding Why There Is Error
   2. Deliberate Violations
   3. Two Types of Errors: Slips and Mistakes
   4. The Classification of Slips
   5. The Classification of Mistakes
   6. Social and Institutional Pressures
   7. Reporting Error
   8. Detecting Error
   9. Designing for Error
   10. When Good Design Isn’t Enough
   11. Resilience Engineering
   12. The Paradox of Automation
   13. Design Principles for Dealing with Error
2. Design Thinking
   1. Solving the Correct Problem
   2. The Double-Diamond Model of Design
   3. The Human-Centered Design Process
   4. What I Just Told You? It Doesn’t Really Work That Way
   5. The Design Challenge
   6. Complexity Is Good; It Is Confusion That Is Bad
   7. Standardization and Technology
   8. Deliberately Making Things Difficult
   9. Design: Developing Technology for People
3. Design in the World of Business
   1. Competitive Forces
   2. New Technologies Force Change
   3. How Long Does It Take to Introduce a New Product?
   4. Two Forms of Innovation: Incremental and Radical
   5. The Design of Everyday Things: 1988–2038
   6. The Future of Books
   7. The Moral Obligations of Design
   8. Design Thinking and Thinking About Design